Document # 4

EXPO – 2005

Noosphere Spiritual Ecological World Assembly

Representing the Project

NEW TECHNICAL REVOLUTION

OR

HOW TO GET ELECTRICITY

DIRECTLY FROM NUCLEAR FUEL

E-mail: Gordina@Mail.ru; Pakferma@yahoo.com

Site: http://www.Pakferma.org/news

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A Nuclear Converter Element (NCE) with “cold” direct conversion of nuclear energy into electricity is an eco-clean source of Energy with unlimited resources of fuel. The NCE conforms to all required safety standards and has an efficiency of approximately 35-40%.

REGULAR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

  1. How does a Regular Nuclear Element work?

The Regular Nuclear Element is a metallic tube with nuclear tablets. Sets of Nuclear Elements + a Graphite and anelectro-mechanical control system (to increase or decrease, or stop a nuclear reactor) + water intercoolers and associated equipment are located in special secure building. This is a regular nuclear reactor.

The reactor produces heat and nuclear fission energy and utilizes just heat energy in a water cycle:

  1. Disadvantages of a regular Nuclear Plant:

1. To get maximum efficiency and provide the required safety, nuclear units are built with a huge unit capacity of up to one million kilowatts (1000MW) with very complicated control safety systems.

The result are:

2. Regular Nuclear Plants cannot use such nuclear fuel as weapons grade U (Uranium) and Pu (Plutonium) because of safety reasons.

NUCLEAR CONVERTER ELEMENT

- The NCE is a metallic tube with a nuclear fuel of a specific configuration inserted inside;

- The NCE contains two electrodes allocated at hot and cold zones of the nuclear reaction with outlets which are elements of the construction of the reactor itself;

- Each NCE can be monitored by an individual Electrical and Visual Control Indicator through an electrical loop, that is integral to the NCE itself and electrical load (the energy used by consumers).

B. How does a Nuclear Converter Element work?

Physic effects:

Construction of Nuclear Converter Element makes it possible to use two very well-known physic effects:

where charged particles possessing high energy from the nuclear fission reaction have high temperature, in accordance with thermodynamic law, are moved in one direction under thermo gradient force (from the hot zone into the cold zone).

It creates a potential difference on the NCE electrodes, and with the NCE embedded in the electrical loop together with outer load (created by the consumer) an electric current will go through the NCE. In accordance with the design, the NCE will generate alternated voltage with industrial level electric current.

Internal cooling or fundamentals of a kettle

Why is it that the NCE body and internal nuclear fuel elements do not melt down when the hot zone of the NCE has temperature about 3,000 ? K?

Just ask yourself: “Why a log or pieces of coal on a grill-stove burn for a long time and retain their own shape and structure?”

Let us ask one more question: “Why was Man, burning wood for thousands of years, not interested by this problem?” And why did not modern human society, posing tremendous knowledge in all physic events, ask itself: “Why does a kettle body, standing on a burning gas stove, never melt down until the water inside the kettle is totally evaporated?”

Scientists, represented by General International Services F&B, Inc. (GIS F&B, Inc.) realized that these questions deserved considerable attention, and they found a very simple answer:

In all cases there is an internal cooling effect.

This very idea is what initiated the invention of the Nuclear Converter Element, based on the “fundamental kettle,” to transform atomic energy into electricity. It is based on the “kettle fundamental principle.” When charged particles, with high energy level and respectively high temperature are constantly removed by electrical current on an external load (electricity utilized by user), this provides internal cooling of the NCE in the same way as water steam is removed constantly from within a kettle on a burning gas stove. The external metallic bottom of the kettle has a temperature of about 3,000? K, but because the internal temperature of the kettle is only 100 degrees C, the kettle cannot get overheated and melt down until the last drop of water evaporates.

Individual control

Since each individual Nuclear Converter is an element of an electrical loop, it follows:

 
Nuclear converter
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    ---|
 

Electrical Load - Consumer

  

1) The value of an electric current going through NCE can be used as an indicator of the intensity of nuclear fission reaction;

2) Changing the value of electrical capacity (value of load) consumed by the user will accordingly increase or decrease the intensity of the nuclear fission reaction. This means that the NCE possesses a feature for compensation of the intensity of nuclear fission by free-inertial way, through changing the value of electrical load in the external part of an electrical loop, located outside the active zone of the reactor;

3) The NCE control - measuring system poses a free-inertial electrical feedback feature;

4) The NCE has an inherent major safety compensation resource of a nuclear reaction intensity, such that if a major electro-mechanical graphite defense system is out of order or destroyed, the nuclear reactor will be kept within required limits, giving an extra safety feature that is not available on existing nuclear power plants.

C. Nuclear Converter Plants

A Nuclear Converter Reactor is sets of separate Nuclear Converter Elements, which replace regular atomic elements in combination with the equipment of a regular nuclear reactor.

Since the intensity of nuclear reaction is controlled very well in each individual nuclear converter element by free-inertial electrical way, it provides the required reliability and safety of the entire nuclear project of this kind and even its nuclear fuel, which could even be weapons grade Uranium or Plutonium. Thus, the issue of using the Natural Organic Fuel could be removed from the agenda.

D. Nuclear Converter Plant Efficiency

1. Efficiency of each individual nuclear converter at working temperatures is 35 to 40%.

2. The total efficiency of the modified nuclear unit (as compared to the existing atomic power plants) is appreciably increased (approximately 1.5 times as much) because the energy is received from converting nuclear energy directly into electricity.

E. Benefits of the Nuclear Converter Elements

Provides maximum required reliability and safety;

KEY IMPORTANT FACTORS

The two major factors: economical advisability and nuclear safety are resulting in loss their importance when NCE is used on a broad-scale:

1) Economical factors – There are two reasons:

- It was originally estimated that to be economically commercial, building of nuclear power plants becomes acceptable only if the price of crude oil exceeds $25 per barrel. So far oil prices have never gone down, moreover, now prices are tending to rise towards the significant mark of $100 per barrel, with an expectation that these prices will never decrease

- Using the extra energy generated by direct conversion of nuclear

energy into electricity increases the total efficiency to almost 1.5 times, an improvement for all economical indicators of a nuclear power plant.

2) Nuclear safety factor – There are two reasons:

- The additional extra free-inertial, and individual control of the intensity of nuclear reaction in each Nuclear Converter Element (without the use of complex mechanical parts).

- Each Nuclear Converter Element possesses the extra feature of automatic compensation for bursts of intensity of nuclear reaction, in case a major electro-mechanical graphite defense system breaks, or because of possible delays in its responses;

Nuclear Converter Plants could become the major factor to replace non-recoverable natural organic sources of energy by the alternative eco-clean source of energy.

The above referenced Nuclear Converter Element, covered by a U.S.A. patent, is ready for testing and implementation.

 

THE SECOND ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF ENERGY

(Based on nuclear fusion reaction)

Important Information

The biggest industrial nuclear powers: the USA, European Union, Russian Federation and South Korea recently declared the need for the establishment of an international project costing 12 billion dollars for the building of a reactor based on getting electricity from nuclear fusion reaction.

What is the difference between a Fission Nuclear Reaction and Thermo Nuclear Fusion?

Existing nuclear plants use fission nuclear reaction where nuclear fuel works under a temperature of only several hundred degrees and regular pressure in one atmosphere. Energy is created by a chain reaction of nuclear decomposition. Intensity of this reaction is controlled very well by a graphite defense system (graphite rods).

After building and testing the H-bomb all the biggest physics laboratories in the world tried for more than 50 years to reconstruct a Controlled Fusion Nuclear Reaction (an H-bomb nuclear fusion reaction was realized in only an exploding form).

The difficulty of this problem is the tremendous requirement of temperature - millions of degrees, and pressure – millions of atmospheres. To initiate a nuclear fusion reaction it is necessary to recreate on the Earth the same conditions that exist only inside the Sun.

To this present day, only small progress has been achieved – the controlled fusion reaction can exist in stable condition only for a few seconds. And to achieve this scanty result huge quantities of electrical energy and finances have been wasted.

Even if thermo nuclear fusion reactor is constructed, it is possible that two major factors – economical advisability and nuclear safety, which limited and stopped building of regular nuclear plants, may again stop the development of nuclear technologies based on nuclear reaction.

The Solution

Scientists associated with GIS F&B, Inc. recommend an alternative eco-clear source of energy, based on the already invented Nuclear Converter Elements (“NCE”), which would provide both economical advisability and nuclear safety. It is a system costing a maximum of several million dollars and would take only six months or at least a year and a half to bring it into operation.

For an immediate solution, compare the time (50 years have already been spent to get a pure source of energy based on the reaction released in the H-bomb and which exists within the Sun plus an undefined period for building of a reactor and implementation) and the financial resources (initial billions of dollars) to start a new nuclear industry based on nuclear fusion reaction, to the small cost of starting production of the “NCE” – Nuclear Converter Elements.

APPEAL

In connection with Earth’s resources, organic types of fuel could be depleted within decades. Humanity moves closer and closer to ecological and environmental catastrophe because of:

1. The amount of consumption of organic types of fuel, such as oil and natural gas, coal and wood is continually increasing. These non recoverable natural resources, that have accumulated in the Earth over hundreds of million of years, will soon be depleted and lost forever for our children, grandchildren and generations to come.

2. Because of the absence of other sources of energy on an industrial scale, now humanity continues to burn these non-recoverable organic resources, damaging to Earth’s biosphere, faster than its ability for replenishment.

3. Humanity still has no choice but to burn organic fuel. Despite huge efforts and costs for finding alternative sources of energy on an industrial scale, that are economically feasible and safe. However, the problem has not been solved.

4. Nuclear fuel burned at regular nuclear power plants could become the best alternative to organic fuel. It is estimated that building nuclear plants becomes economically advisable if the price of crude oil exceeds $25 per barrel, but after the Chernobyl catastrophe and other accidents linked with nuclear power plants, the factor of safety became crucial. That is why dynamic development of the nuclear industry was almost stopped.

5. Insufficient safety of modern nuclear reactors is because the safety system of modern nuclear reactors is provided by only one rather complex electro-mechanical control system which manages graphite rods. The intensity of the nuclear reaction depends on the position of the graphite rods. The whole of the system (the object itself which is being controlled and the control system itself) possesses some inertia when it produces managing instructions and regulations. At the same time this systemworks on the basis of the integrated data, which determine the condition of the entire unit containing hundreds and thousands of nuclear elements, and thus no adequate safety measure can be taken in case of the reactor body is destroyed. It may lose control as it happened at Chernobyl Atomic Power Plant.

6. Scientists represented by General International Services F&B, Inc. (GIS F&B, Inc) invented a new type of nuclear element, Nuclear Converter Element “NCE,” which provides control of each individual nuclear element, and thus this can control the intensity of nuclear fission reaction in each individual nuclear converter. This feature also gives an adequate compensation resource to keep nuclear reaction within required limits in case a major electro-mechanical graphite defense system is broken or destroyed. Additionally, “NCE” produces extra electricity, converting energy from nuclear reaction directly into electricity. That is why the efficiency of the entire nuclear plant is increased almost 1.5 times.

 

STATEMENT

On account of the extreme importance of implementing the Nuclear Converter Element “NCE,” so as to ease global problems in connection with the Earth resources, especially ORGANIC FUEL, we address:

Government Agencies, Politicians, Public Organizations, Financial Institutes, Private Businesses, Investors, and Fundraising Organizations

To participate in making, testing and implementation of

The Nuclear Converter Element “NCE”

It is estimated that to produce samples of the “NCE” and test them, utilizing existing scientific research reactors and existing technology for production of regular nuclear elements, it will take, depending on the preparedness of a facility, several months to 1.5 years with an investment of several million dollars.

If the efficacy of the Nuclear Converter Element “NCE” is proven, a new technological revolution will be started with a multi-billion dollar business market, humanity will get the major key to prevent forthcoming ecological, financial and social catastrophes!

We are open for cooperation!

 

Liubov Gordina,

President NSEWA, President “New Vision 21, Inc.”

E-mail: gordina@mail.ru

Eugene Pakman,

Coordinator American agency of NSEWA

Chief Executive Officer “New Vision 21, Inc.”

President GISF&B,Inc.

E-mail: Pakferma@yahoo.com

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